Transformers Universe Teaser 2

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Transformers Universe Teaser 2

Check out our latest teaser trailer for Transformers Universe!

Transformers Universe Teaser 2

Transformers Universe Teaser 2

Transformers Universe Teaser 2

Transformers Universe Teaser 2

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Power Transformers Testing

Testing of transformer is done to determine their electrical, thermal and mechanical suitability for the system where they will be applied or used. Most of the tests performed on power transformers are defined in national standards created by IEEE, NEMA and ANSI, whose purpose is to define a uniform set of tests recognized by both the manufacturer and the user.

Transformer Test Details:

Field Testing. Field testing can be divided into three categories 

Acceptance tests Periodic tests Tests after failure Acceptance tests should be performed immediately after the product arrives at the destination. A few tests can be carried out which are stated below:

Turns ratio Insulation resistance(Winding and core) Power factor Resistance (winding) Polarity and phase relation Oil tests (DGA, moisture, dielectrics, etc.) Visual inspection Periodic tests are done after the product is installed in its permanent location. The main purpose of this test is to monitor the condition of the unit so that any potential trouble may be spotted early before a failure occurs. Some of these are listed below:

Turns ratio Insulation resistance  Power factor Resistance (winding) Oil tests (DGA, moisture, dielectrics, etc.) Excitation current test Visual inspection An unscheduled outage and the potential of outright failure can be prevented by following a periodic test schedule.

Failure tests conducted on electric transformers are:

Turns ratio Insulation  resistance  Power factor Resistance Oil tests Excitation current test Combustible gas/ gas-in-oil analysis Visual inspection (internal) When a transformer fails, the time of failure tests will decide whether the unit can be repaired at the site or whether it needs to be returned to the manufacturer, or a specialized center for repair. By comparing the results of the tests with the established norms, a 'history' of the transformer can be compiled, and the reasons for failure can be diagnosed.Here is a quick overview of the above mentioned tests:

Transformer Turns Ratio Test (Common to all categories)The Transformer Turns Ratio test (TTR) is used to make sure that the Turns Ratio between the windings of the transformer is correct. This ratio decides what the output voltage of the transformer will be with respect to the input voltage. The ratio is calculated under no-load conditions, with ratios calculated at the tap positions for each winding and for the winding as a whole. A voltage is applied to one winding and the voltmeters connected to both low voltage and high voltage windings are read simultaneously. The transformer ratio is the ratio of the HV voltmeter and the LV voltmeter readings. When ratio tests are being made on three-phase transformers, the ratio is taken on one phase at a time, and the measured ratio should be compared with the ratio calculated using nameplate voltages. Any variation should be within  .5%. Transformer Insulation Resistance Test (Common to all categories)The winding insulation resistance test (also known as the Meggar test) is a measure of quality of insulation within the transformer. It can vary due to moisture content, cleanliness and the temperature of the insulation parts. All measurements are corrected to 20'C for comparison purposes. It is recommended that tank and core are always grounded when this test is performed. Each winding should be short-circuited at the bushing terminals. Resistances  are then measured between each winding and all other windings and ground (for 2 winding transformer - H-LG, L-HG and HL-G and three winding transformer H-LTG, L-HTG, T-HLG, HL-TG, HT-LG, LT- HG and HLT-G ). vPower Factor (Common to all categories)This test is made to monitor the dryness of transformer insulation. Power factor is defined as the ratio of the power dissipated divided by the input volt-ampere multiplied by 100. The measurement of power factor is made with a capacitance bridge and the connections are the same as for the insulation resistance tests. Transformer Resistance (Common to all categories)The resistance of a transformer winding can be measured after current has not passed through the transformer for several hours, allowing it to reach the same temperature as its surroundings. Winding resistance is calculated by measuring the voltage and current simultaneously, with the current as close to the rated current as possible. Calculating the winding resistance can be helpful as it lets you calculate and compensate for I2R losses, a major component of load losses as a whole.  Winding resistance measurements can be made to determine if any changes have occurred in the current carrying path. The winding resistance measurements should be made with a Wheatstone bridge, Kelvin bridge or similar bridge capable of measuring fractional ohms accurately.  For Wye connected values, measurements should be made between each pair of bushings, then summed and multiplied by three-halves to get the comparison value. Transformer Oil Test (Common to all categories)A sample of insulating oil from a transformer in service can reveal much information about what is taking place inside the transformer. There are three basic enemies to insulating oil - oxidation, contamination and excessive temperature. The following tests can be done: Acid number Dielectric breakdown Power factor Moisture content Interfacial tension

After performing the tests the oil can classified as reusable; reusable with minor reconditioning; or disposable. 

Transformer Polarity (Acceptance test)The polarity of a transformer is either additive or subtractive. In order to find out the polarity of a transformer, a voltage is applied between the primary bushings.  If the resultant voltage between the secondary bushings is greater than the applied voltage that means that the transformer has additive polarity.  If it is lower, the transformer has subtractive polarity. Polarity is not important for a single connected distribution transformer, but it is a vital concern if transformers are to be paralleled or bank connected. Three phase transformers are also checked for polarity by the same means. Transformer Phase Relation (Acceptance test)A phase relation test is carried out for polyphase (for instance, three-phase) transformers to make sure that they have been connected in such a way that their phase relationship is correct.  A phase relation test calculates the angular displacement and relative phase sequence of the transformer, and can be carried out in conjunction with ratio and polarity tests.  The voltages of the phase of primary and secondary can be recorded and comparisons made to get the phase relation. Visual Inspection (Periodic and Failure tests)This may reveal either present or potential problems that may not be picked up by diagnostic testing. For example, deteriorating gaskets, low oil level or chipped bushing skirts. A standard list of check points should be established for each unit and then a record of each inspection maintained. Gas/ Gas-in-Oil Test (Failure test):A study of gases either dissolved in the oil or from the gas above the oil can also show abnormal conditions within the transformers, such as incipient faults. Three considerations are very important: The total percentage of combustible gas The percentage of each gas component The rate of change in combustible gas content If the percentage of combustible gases is above 5%, then immediate action is required

Excitation Current Test (Periodic and Failure tests)The excitation current is the minimum amount of current needed to maintain the core in a state of magnetic excitation. It is measured at the rated voltage, and usually given as a percentage of the rated current.

The test is performed with a single phase supply with, preferably, a voltage rated at approximately 10% of the phase voltage of the winding to which the supply is to be connected, although lower voltages can be used.
There are 2 methods that can be used: the first is to connect a single-phase supply to any available winding with an ammeter in the circuit to monitor the exciting current.  Three such single-phase tests are necessary for a three-phase transformer. The relationship between the single phase readings is important; it should be as follows:

The readings taken on phase A and C should be within 5% of each other. The reading on phase B should be between 65 and 90% of the readings on phase A and C. Readings that fall outside of the relationships given above may be indicators of a winding fault. In the other method, the same voltage level and ammeter requirements apply except the following connections should be made:
Short one winding on phase C and apply voltage and read the exciting current on phase A.  Short one winding on phase A and apply voltage and read the exciting current on phase C.  Short one winding on phase B and apply voltage and read the exciting current on phase A or phase C. 
Other Transformer Tests:

Other tests which can be performed are:

Core Loss Test Under no-load conditions, a transformer will continue to drain sources of electrical energy. The chief source of this drain is core loss, which occurs in the magnetic core through a combination of hysteresis and eddy current loss, among others.  Core-loss is calculated by applying the rated voltage and frequency to a transformer under no-load conditions.  The resultant current is then measured, from which the loss of energy can be extrapolated. Load Loss Test Load loss is a combination of I2R losses, stray losses and eddy losses, all of which contribute to the loss of electrical energy that is seen as current transferred from one winding to another. Load loss changes with the magnitude of the load: that is to say, higher loads see higher rates of loss.  The load loss is therefore generally calculated for the rated load, while the transformer is under full-load conditions. It can be measured by applying a voltage to one winding while the other winding is short-circuited. The voltage is adjusted until the current flowing through the circuit is the same as the rated current. The power loss measured at this time is the load loss.   Impedance Test Impedance is a measure of the resistance that leads to the loss of electrical energy in a transformer at full load, causing the ratio of the input and output voltages to differ from the Turns Ratio. It can be measured at the same time as load loss. Impedance is found by measuring the voltage required to pass the rated current through one winding of the transformer, while the other winding is short-circuited. This voltage is called the impedance voltage.   Applied Potential Test The applied potential test is used to see how well the transformer's insulation deals with voltages higher than the rated voltage, for given periods of time. The applied potential test checks the insulation between individual windings; and between windings and ground by applying voltages to each of these areas. Induced Potential Test The induced potential test is used to test the quality of the transformer's insulation, as with the applied potential test above. It tests the insulation of the individual windings of the transformer by applying voltages between turns, between layers and between lines.  Quality control impulse test Quality control impulse tests are made on transformers in order to simulate lightning; to see how well they withstand such high bursts of voltage.  The electric impulses applied here can include reduced  full-wave tests, chopped-wave tests and front-of-wave tests, to simulate a range of extreme voltage situations. Pressure Leak Test A transformer can be checked for pressure leaks by pressurizing the tank and then leaving it alone for several hours. If the pressure drops during the intervening time, or if there are signs of liquid leakage, than a leak is present.  Otherwise, the transformer is leakage free. While learning about and overseeing the standard testing procedures of your transformer can be a laborious task, it definitely helps better your understanding of the transformer's operation, minimizes hazard to life and property, reduces downtime, minimizes the chance of sudden failure and thus allows optimum use of the transformer.

Power Transformers Testing

Transformers

Power Transformers Testing

Power Transformers Testing
Power Transformers Testing

Transformers


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Eliminating that Terrible Hum From Your Home Theater Speakers

You've all heard it, that dreaded 60Hz hum through the speakers of a home theater or house audio system. Hopefully you heard it at a friend's house and not your own. It can drive you completely nuts. You may have even tried, unsuccessfully, to fix the little noise problem. That can make you even more crazy. What causes that horrendous noise through your speakers?

More often than not humming through your speakers is caused by a grounding problem. There are three main ground problems that cause problems in an audio / video system. These are ground loops, improper grounding and lack of a ground altogether. The other possible culprits that can cause noise are bad cables, a faulty piece of equipment or electrical noise from a lighting dimmer or electric motor. There are steps you can take to troubleshoot the noise and eliminate it from you theater.

The first step is find out where it is coming from. Disconnect your source and display equipment from your receiver or surround sound processor. If the noise stops, connect them back to the receiver or processor on at a time until the noise returns. When the hum comes back, you found where the noise is entering your system. Note that if you are connecting remote equipment, such as running the signal from your theater room DVD player to the TV in the bedroom, your chances to pick up noise increase dramatically. With such long runs, noise can be induced into the long cable runs from adjacent electrical wiring. It is also easy to create a ground loop, because the equipment is plugged into two different, widely separated outlets, on different electrical circuits.

If the noise is caused by a cable box, the noise is likely caused by the cable TV ground. To test this theory, disconnect the incoming cable TV feed to the rear of the cable box or TV while they are still connected to the rest of the system. If the noise is eliminated by disconnecting the TV cable, the problem is the cable TV ground. You can electrically decouple the cable TV feed from your system with a ground breaking transformer. These are available from many sources. Be advised that many newer, digital cable TV systems require any device in the signal chain to pass a full 1,000 Mhz. Some of the older ground break transformers will not do this. Be sure to check the specifications of whatever device you are purchasing to verify it will pass the digital cable TV signal.

If the noise is from your projector, TV, or monitor, it is most likely caused because the video display device is plugged into a different outlet than the other a/v equipment. It could be on a different circuit as well. These circuits may have two different ground potentials. That is, the resistance to ground is different on each circuit. A difference in resistance to ground from one ground point to another can cause the dreaded ground loop. If you get a ground loop, current flows between the two components. If the current flows through the components internal audio signal ground, you will get a hum.

You can use an isolation transformer, similar to the type used for cable TV ground problems, to eliminate the electrical connection from one component to the other. These transformers are inserted in line with the audio signal connection between the two components. If there is no audio connection between the components, the problem may be current flowing through the video portion. In this case, a video isolation transformer should be used to eliminate the ground loop.

Sometimes power conditioners will stop noise problems by placing equipment on different, electrically isolated outlets. This is done using isolation transformers. Sometimes this is ineffective however, due to the differences in internal construction of different power conditioning equipment. Some safety regulations, such as UL 1950, specify that an isolation transformer is only allowed to isolate the hot and neutral wires; the grounding wire must be passed straight through. If this is the case, the ground loop problem may still exist because many communication circuits are connected to the grounding conductor and not the neutral. In this case, the isolation transformer, or any power conditioner or UPS with an isolation transformer will have absolutely no affect on the grounding problem.

The noise may be generated externally, from a dimmer or refrigerator compressor for example, and coming in through the main power input on the audio video equipment. In this case, a high quality power conditioner may be effective in reducing or eliminating the noise problem. You may also find that one of the signal interconnecting cables in your system is faulty. This can also cause noise problems. Check for this by swapping the cables with one that you know to be good.

You can solve most noise problems in your home theater or multi room audio/video system by taking the systematic, step-by-step approach. Work your way up the signal chain, eliminating each piece of equipment as you go. If you have nothing connected to your speakers except the speaker wiring, and they still hum, the problem is noise induced into the speaker wiring from adjacent power cables. Other than that case, most problems are caused by ground problems, which you can find, and solve, if you take it one step at a time.

Eliminating that Terrible Hum From Your Home Theater Speakers

Transformers

Eliminating that Terrible Hum From Your Home Theater Speakers

Eliminating that Terrible Hum From Your Home Theater Speakers
Eliminating that Terrible Hum From Your Home Theater Speakers

Transformers

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Grounding Transformers - Electrical Design, Transformer Design, and Distribution Transformer Design

Grounding is clearly one of the most important aspects of electrical design, but it steadfastly continues to be misinterpreted and misunderstood. Millions of dollars in liability and loss can be attributed to ground-fault arcing; thus, grounding-related issues should top the checklists of any electrical contractor.

Grounding Transformers:

Simply put, a grounding transformer is used to provide a ground path to either an ungrounded "Y" or a delta connected system. Grounding transformers are typically used to:

Provide a relatively low impedance path to ground, thereby maintaining the system neutral at or near ground potential Limit the magnitude of transient over voltages when re-striking ground faults occur Provide a source of ground fault current during line-to-ground faults Permit the connection of phase to neutral loads when desired

If a single line-to-ground fault occurs on an ungrounded or isolated system, no return path exists for the fault current, thus no current flows. The system will continue to operate but the other two un-faulted lines will rise in voltage by the square root of 3, resulting in overstressing of the transformer insulation and other associated components on the system by 173%. MOV lightning arresters are particularly susceptible to damage from heating by leakage across the blocks even if the voltage increase is not sufficient to flash over. A grounding transformer provides a ground path to prevent this.

Large multi-turbine wind farms provide an example of the use of grounding transformers for fault protection on ungrounded lines. In many wind farms the substation transformer provides the sole ground source for the distribution system. When a ground fault on a collector cable causes the substation circuit breaker for that cable to open, the wind turbine string becomes isolated from the ground source.

The turbines do not always detect this fault or the fact that the string is isolated and ungrounded; thus the generators continue to energize the collector cable, and the voltages between the un-faulted cables and the ground rise far above the normal voltage magnitude as described above. A grounding transformer placed on the turbine string provides a ground path in the event the string becomes isolated from the system ground.

Construction:

Grounding transformers are normally constructed either with

A ZigZag (Zn) connected winding with or without an auxiliary winding or As a Wye (Ynd) connected winding with a delta connected secondary that may or may not be used to supply auxiliary power

The geometry of the Zig-Zag connection is useful to limit circulation of third harmonics and can be used without a Delta connected winding or the 4- or 5-leg core design normally used for this purpose in distribution and power transformers. Eliminating the need for a secondary winding can make this option both less expensive and smaller than a comparable two-winding grounding transformer. Furthermore, use of a Zig-Zag transformer provides grounding with a smaller unit than a two-winding Wye-Delta transformer providing the same zero sequence impedance.

Wye connected grounding transformers, on the other hand, require either a delta connected secondary or the application of 4 or 5 leg core construction to provide a return flux path for unbalanced loading associated with this primary connection. Since it is often desirable to provide auxiliary power from the grounding transformer secondary winding, this benefit can sway the end user to specify a two-winding grounding transformer in lieu of a Zig-Zag connection. The current trend in wind farm designs is toward the Wye connected primary with a delta secondary.

It is important to understand that both Zig-Zag and two-winding grounding transformers can be provided with the ability to provide auxiliary power, and this can be either a Wye or Delta connected load.

A solidly grounded system using a grounding transformer offers many safety improvements over an ungrounded system. However, the ground transformer alone lacks the current limiting ability of a resistive grounding system. For this reason, neutral ground resistors are often used in conjunction with the grounding transformer to limit neutral ground fault current magnitude. Their ohm values should be specified to allow high enough ground fault current flow to permit reliable operation of the protective relaying equipment, but low enough to limit thermal damage.

How to Specify a Grounding Transformer

The basic parameters required for quoting a grounding transformer are:

Primary Voltage - This is the system voltage to which the grounded winding is to be connected. Don't forget to specify the BIL also. In some cases the BIL will be dictated by equipment considerations, such as 150 kV BIL ratings on 34500 volt wind farms because of the limitation on dead front connectors. Rated KVA - Because the grounding transformer is normally a short time device, its size and cost are less when compared with a continuous duty transformer of equal kVA rating. For this reason, grounding transformers are often not sized by "kVA" but by their continuous and short time current ratings. Regardless of how you rate it, the grounding transformer must be sized to carry the rated continuous primary phase current without exceeding its temperature limit. This load includes the magnetizing current of the core, the capacitive charging current for the cables, and any auxiliary load if applicable. The higher this value, the larger and more costly the transformer will be. Typical continuous current values can be as low as 5 amps to as high as a few hundred. Be sure to include any auxiliary loading requirements. Continuous Neutral Current - The continuous neutral current is defined as three times the phase to current, or in other words, the zero sequence current. This is usually considered to be zero if the system is balanced. However, for the purposes of designing a grounding transformer, it is a value that is expected to flow in the neutral circuit without tripping protective circuits (which would force the current to be zero) or the leakage current to ground that is not a symmetrical function. Again this value is needed to design for thermal capacity of the grounding transformer. Fault current and duration - This value is needed to calculate the short time heating that results from a fault on the system and should be determined from an engineered system study. Typical values for this range from a few hundred amps to a few thousand amps with duration times expressed in seconds and not cycles. For instance, a value of 400 amps for 10 seconds is typical. The fault duration is a critical parameter for the transformer designer. Where protection schemes use the grounding transformer for tripping functions, a relatively short time duration is specified (5 -10 seconds). On the other hand, a continuous or extended neutral fault current duration would be required when the grounding transformer is used in a ground fault alarm scheme. Impedance - The impedance can be expressed as a percentage or as an ohm value per phase. In either case it should be chosen so that the un-faulted phase voltages during a ground fault are within the temporary over-voltage capability of the transformer and associated equipment, such as arresters and terminal connectors. Because of this description, the values can vary from as low as 8% to almost 100%. This value must come from the system designer. Primary winding connection - Specify the type of primary connection, either Zig-Zag or grounded Wye. Secondary connection - specify the secondary voltage and connection when applicable. Specify the size of auxiliary loading to be connected for either Zn or Wye connected primary windings. If the option is to have a two winding transformer with no secondary load, advise if the delta winding can be "buried" (that is not brought out) or if only one bushing is to be brought out for grounding to the tank or testing.

· Basic overall construction features - note the following features as they apply to each transformer
· Compartmental Padmount transformer with integral tamperproof compartment or substation design
· Outdoor or indoor
· Fluid type- mineral oil, silicone, Envirotemp FR3
· Connectivity -dead front, live front, spade terminals, location of terminals - cover or sidewall , exposed or enclosed, etc
· Temperature rise is assumed to be 65'C
· Site elevation or environmental concerns
· Special paint as required
· Neutral Ground Resistors - The rated voltage of the NGR should be equal to the line to ground voltage of the grounding transformer. The current rating and duration should match the grounding transformer ratings. Remember to set the current rating high enough to be above the cable charging current and grounding transformer magnetizing current.

Grounding Transformers - Electrical Design, Transformer Design, and Distribution Transformer Design

Transformers Fall Of Cybertron Playthrough - Part 3

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Transformers Fall Of Cybertron Playthrough - Part 3

Here Is The Link To Part 4: www.youtube.com Also it would be grate if you liked and subscribed to my channel! Hello and welcome to my playthrough of transformers fall of Cybertron Part 3 with Live Commentary. I hope you enjoy the video. Subscribe To My Channel: full.sc Come and follow me on Twitter for News, Updates and More: twitter.com Fall of Cybertron starts the game off 6 days after the events of leaving Cybertron towards a portal where the Autobots can escape Cybertron from the Decepticons. The first level consists of Bumblebee going on side missions to protect the Ark and Optimus Prime. The game then returns to the past 6 days before the Ark battles the Nemesis. Developers: High Moon Studios Publisher: Activision Also Watch in HD for the best viewing experience. Remember To Comment Thumbs Up And Subscription Is Very Appreciated

Transformers Fall Of Cybertron Playthrough - Part 3

Transformers Fall Of Cybertron Playthrough - Part 3

Transformers Fall Of Cybertron Playthrough - Part 3

Transformers Fall Of Cybertron Playthrough - Part 3

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10 Famous Celebrities Wearing Green Contact Lenses!

It's true- green contact lenses are found by some of our favourite Hollywood celebrities. Ever since green contacts started becoming more fashionable amongst Asian young girls, these gorgeous and beautiful Hollywood celebs have noticed how powerful the effect of green contact lenses are.

1. Tyra Banks

This former supermodel and TV host is famous for facial characteristics and her eyes that smile. Her eyes constantly change color, her own natural color is a kind of greenish-brown. You will also see them to be a purer hue of green which is not her natural color but comes from green contact lenses.

2. Katie Holmes

The actress Katie Holmes was born in the place Toledo Ohio. She has dated Joshua Jackson but married the handsome actor Tom Cruise. Katie has naturally brown hair color and brown eyes. She often wears colored contacts but green colored lenses are her favourite.

3. Lindsay Lohan

Lindsay Lohan is an actress, pop singer and model. Lindsay is a star to many and a favourite target of the paparazzi. She likes to shake things up once in a while by changing her already natural green eyes to a more intense fierce green color.

4. Jennifer Garner

Wears green contact lenses in Elektra and Daredevil. Even though the Elektra in the comic book has got brown eyes, which is the natural eye color of Jennifer.

5. Rachel McAdams

Rachel McAdams grew up in St. Thomas, Ontario. At the age of 13, she was performing in Shakespearean plays in summer theatre camp. She looks beautiful with green colored contact lenses.

6. Mila Kunis

She is also known for playing Jackie Burkhart in the popular "That 70's Show". Mila is often spotted with green contact lenses. Her breakthrough movie was "Forgetting Sarah Marshall".

7. Pamela Anderson

She has been discovered at a British Columbia Lions football game that Pamela attended. She worn a Labatt's Beer T-shirt and her image was shown on the stadium's big screen. The fans cheered to this beautiful bombshell. She has naturally blue eyes but loves to wear green contact.

8. Shia LaBeouf

Shia Saide LaBeouf is an US actor, comedian and voice actor. LaBeouf played as Sam Witwicky in the Transformers sequel Transformers: Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen. He likes to wear green contacts to make is boyish look more sexy.

9. Jennifer Aniston

Jennifer Aniston is gorgeous. That does not stop her from being fashionably inventive with her looks. She has naturally brown eyes but she is often seen with a set of green eyes. This is thought of to be her favourite eye color, but of course come from green contact lenses.

10. Penelope Cruz

The Latinacelebrity Penelope Cruz is also a big fan of green colored lenses. She was born with naturally gorgeous brown eyes. But sometimes she likes to have fun with green contact lenses, combined with sexy and interesting ensembles.

I could go on and on and on, but the bottom line is this: seeing celebrities put on a set of green colored contacts, you know these will be the latest fashion trend.

10 Famous Celebrities Wearing Green Contact Lenses!

Transformers: Fall of Cybertron - Chapter 5: Cut and Run Pt. 1

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Transformers: Fall of Cybertron - Chapter 5: Cut and Run Pt. 1

Please read the description. Be sure to like, comment and fave. *** Facebook: facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Formspring: formspring.me *** Transformers: Fall of Cybertron Chapter 5: Cut and Run Pt. 1 Now we begin the fifth chapter and we play as everyone's favorite Autobot that can pack a sweet ride... Jazz. Groovy! *** Recorded using Hauppauge HD PVR Edited using ArcSoft ShowBiz and Sony Vegas 10

Transformers: Fall of Cybertron - Chapter 5: Cut and Run Pt. 1

Transformers: Fall of Cybertron - Chapter 5: Cut and Run Pt. 1

Transformers: Fall of Cybertron - Chapter 5: Cut and Run Pt. 1

Transformers: Fall of Cybertron - Chapter 5: Cut and Run Pt. 1

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Choosing Right Transformer For Mining Industry

Introduction

The US has one of the largest mining industries in the world - an industry closely linked with the economy. In the past, the discovery of resources such as gold and oil resulted in a major population shift and rapid growth for formerly remote regions of the country, such as California, Texas, and Alaska. Extraction of these resources, and finding new deposits, continues to provide the foundation for local economies in some regions.

Some of the minerals mined in the US are coal, uranium, copper, gold, silver, iron, lead, zinc and others. Most of the mines in the US are highly automated and thus energy intensive. To provide an example, even in the last decade of the 20th century, iron ore mining alone consumed 62.3 trillion Btu of energy across a calendar year. Because mining is such a large industry and makes a sizable contribution to the national income, mines must have a dependable source of power - a crucial resource for mining processes.

The mining and mineral extraction sector both in the US and worldwide relies heavily on energy to harness natural resources such as aggregates, precious metals, iron ore, oil, gas, and coal. This energy is used to power shovels and drills for excavating these products, loading them into enormous mining trucks or onto conveyer belts, sorting, sifting and crushing ores, heating, and a hundred other functions. Both surface and underground mining operations rely on powered equipment to extract materials and load trucks. Overall, the mining sector could not flourish without the use of vast amounts of energy.

The Role of Transformers

Mine 'Power Centers' or 'Load Centers' are an essential system for underground and surface mining. Their primary function is to convert distribution voltage into utilization voltage for equipment operation, thus placing power transformers at the heart of the load center. Proper selection of transformers is imperative, and must fulfill safety, reliability, and efficiency requirements. Determining capacity rating is among the first steps for selection of a power transformer for a mining load center. A rule of thumb here is to allow 1 kVA for every horsepower of connected load. Most mining processes, however, do not produce constant loads - all machinery is not connected all the time - and therefore the 1 kVA per horsepower thumb rule will typically result in transformer oversizing. According to the SME Mining Engineering Handbook by Howard L. Hartmann, "Past experience and demand factors established by manufacturers and operators, along with the horsepower of the connected load, are essential for determining transformer capacity. For typical underground mining sections, the kVA rating may lie within the range of 50 to 80% of the connected horsepower."

Transformer Losses

Standard transformers while under full load operate at 90 to 95% efficiency, with this figure dropping as the load lightens. This is due to inefficiencies in the transformer's core, a main component of the transformer. The losses in the core remain the same throughout the transformer's operating range. At 100% load, the amount of comparative loss is negligible. However, at reduced loads, the same amount of energy loss represents a higher percentage of energy being wasted. Unfortunately, average transformer loads run between 34 and 50% of the transformer's total capacity. With the majority of the electricity used

in the US being run through transformers at these lower loads, massive amounts of energy are being wasted. This issue is of special relevance to the mining industry, simply because of its high energy usage. Mining operations also involve hostile environments full of dust, dirt, chemicals, moisture and airborne contaminants. Load center transformers need to function reliably and efficiently in these environments over a long term.

Without electric power at mining facilities, the natural materials extracted from the earth in the mining process would be much more costly than they are today. Thus, power transformers provide a lot of muscle, capacity, and stability to an essential industry. From drilling trenches to busting up rock, carting out huge loads of materials and pulling up heavy amounts of minerals, power transformers provide the strength and capability needed.

Liquid Filled and Dry Transformers: Performance Characteristics

1.Liquid-Filled Transformers

While there is still debate on the relative advantages of the available types of transformers, there are some performance characteristics that have been accepted: • Liquid-filled transformers are more efficient, have greater overload capability and longer life expectancy. • Liquid-filled units are better at reducing hot-spot coil temperatures, but have higher risk of flammability than dry types. • Liquid-filled transformers sometimes require containment troughs to guard against fluid leaks. • Liquid filled transformers are smaller in size than dry-type units for the same power rating capacity and have lower losses because of their better thermal dissipation characteristics.

2.Dry Type Transformers

Dry type Transformers are usually used for lower ratings (the changeover point being 500kVA to 2.5MVA). They are usually placed indoors, serving an office building/apartment. Dry type units typically come in enclosures with louvers, or sealed.

Dry type transformers use almost no flammable materials and therefore do not constitute a fire hazard when used underground in both coal and other mines.

Dry type transformers in the mining industry are housed in a steel tank and the core and windings are cooled by air circulating within the tank, transferring heat to the steel tank which is in turn cooled by the external air. In some compact designs for mounting on mining machines water cooling is added to further improve the performance of the transformers.

Correct choice of insulating materials and an understanding of the cooling system is imperative if the transformer is to be correctly designed. For example, a temperature rise test conducted on a transformer manufactured and sold as continuously rated, can reveal that the transformer only had a continuous rating of 65% of the nameplate rating.

The Need for Energy-Efficient Mining

With the current focus on climate change and reduction of environmental impact, government agencies around the world are making increasingly stringent demands on industries to reduce energy consumption and manage waste more effectively, among others. It is surprising how many mining operations still use twenty-year-old technology.

Regulatory pressures are already beginning to affect the mining industry - according to an article on 'US Environmental Regulations and the Mining Industry' on the International Development Research Center (IDRC) website, "Environmental regulations have had an effect on the US mining industry's profitability. Companies have been forced to retrofit or renovate installations or leave the market. Increasing operational costs have affected their international competitiveness, and to some extent, this may be changing the world allocation of mining investment. Employment levels have fallen substantially, and local economies have borne part of this cost."

Mining companies in the US are thus feeling the pressing need to be energy-efficient, simply to stay competitive. Reducing energy consumption by adopting customized, cost-effective solutions like NEMA-approved transformers and harnessing solar or wind energy to meet their future energy needs can be good ideas in the long run, especially since the alternate energy option will help mining companies keep away from fluctuating international fuel prices. Alternate sources of energy are still a very small blip on the graph, in terms of actual power provided for industries like mining, and thus the sector as a whole needs to come up with more immediate ways to conserve energy.

Various types of transformers for the mining industry:

Transformers can be used in various open pit and hard rock (subterranean) applications that range from auxiliary lighting loads to power for cranes, drag lines, conveyor belts and other miscellaneous dedicated variable speed drive applications.

Benefits of energy-efficient mining
• Reduced cost of production
• Opening up of new reserves for Conclusion

On one hand the mining industry is all set to grow to keep up with increasing demand; on the other it has to stay competitive as fuel prices zoom upwards. For an energy intensive industry, keeping a check on fuel consumption and cost is critical. Thus the mining industry as a whole is looking for energy efficient technology, including power transformers.

Choosing Right Transformer For Mining Industry

Transformers: Fall of Cybertron - Chapter 10: The Final Countdown Pt. 2

Tube. Duration : 15.38 Mins.

Transformers: Fall of Cybertron - Chapter 10: The Final Countdown Pt. 2

Please read the description. Be sure to like, comment and fave. *** Facebook: facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Formspring: formspring.me *** Transformers: Fall of Cybertron Chapter 10: The Final Countdown Pt. 2 Here's the 2nd part. Looks like we're closer to reaching Trypticon and boy, the Autobots really love getting blasted. *** Recorded using Hauppauge HD PVR Edited using ArcSoft ShowBiz and Sony Vegas 10

Transformers: Fall of Cybertron - Chapter 10: The Final Countdown Pt. 2

Transformers: Fall of Cybertron - Chapter 10: The Final Countdown Pt. 2

Transformers: Fall of Cybertron - Chapter 10: The Final Countdown Pt. 2

Transformers: Fall of Cybertron - Chapter 10: The Final Countdown Pt. 2

No URL Transformers: Fall of Cybertron - Chapter 10: The Final Countdown Pt. 2

10 Famous Celebrities Wearing Green Contact Lenses!

It's true- green contact lenses are found by some of our favourite Hollywood celebrities. Ever since green contacts started becoming more fashionable amongst Asian young girls, these gorgeous and beautiful Hollywood celebs have noticed how powerful the effect of green contact lenses are.

1. Tyra Banks

This former supermodel and TV host is famous for facial characteristics and her eyes that smile. Her eyes constantly change color, her own natural color is a kind of greenish-brown. You will also see them to be a purer hue of green which is not her natural color but comes from green contact lenses.

2. Katie Holmes

The actress Katie Holmes was born in the place Toledo Ohio. She has dated Joshua Jackson but married the handsome actor Tom Cruise. Katie has naturally brown hair color and brown eyes. She often wears colored contacts but green colored lenses are her favourite.

3. Lindsay Lohan

Lindsay Lohan is an actress, pop singer and model. Lindsay is a star to many and a favourite target of the paparazzi. She likes to shake things up once in a while by changing her already natural green eyes to a more intense fierce green color.

4. Jennifer Garner

Wears green contact lenses in Elektra and Daredevil. Even though the Elektra in the comic book has got brown eyes, which is the natural eye color of Jennifer.

5. Rachel McAdams

Rachel McAdams grew up in St. Thomas, Ontario. At the age of 13, she was performing in Shakespearean plays in summer theatre camp. She looks beautiful with green colored contact lenses.

6. Mila Kunis

She is also known for playing Jackie Burkhart in the popular "That 70's Show". Mila is often spotted with green contact lenses. Her breakthrough movie was "Forgetting Sarah Marshall".

7. Pamela Anderson

She has been discovered at a British Columbia Lions football game that Pamela attended. She worn a Labatt's Beer T-shirt and her image was shown on the stadium's big screen. The fans cheered to this beautiful bombshell. She has naturally blue eyes but loves to wear green contact.

8. Shia LaBeouf

Shia Saide LaBeouf is an US actor, comedian and voice actor. LaBeouf played as Sam Witwicky in the Transformers sequel Transformers: Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen. He likes to wear green contacts to make is boyish look more sexy.

9. Jennifer Aniston

Jennifer Aniston is gorgeous. That does not stop her from being fashionably inventive with her looks. She has naturally brown eyes but she is often seen with a set of green eyes. This is thought of to be her favourite eye color, but of course come from green contact lenses.

10. Penelope Cruz

The Latinacelebrity Penelope Cruz is also a big fan of green colored lenses. She was born with naturally gorgeous brown eyes. But sometimes she likes to have fun with green contact lenses, combined with sexy and interesting ensembles.

I could go on and on and on, but the bottom line is this: seeing celebrities put on a set of green colored contacts, you know these will be the latest fashion trend.

10 Famous Celebrities Wearing Green Contact Lenses!

Transformers: War for Cybertron: Video Game Review - Chris Lockey (9/10) S02E42

Tube. Duration : 7.00 Mins.

Transformers: War for Cybertron: Video Game Review - Chris Lockey (9/10) S02E42

www.youtube.com Click here to watch Transformers: War for Cybertron - Hands On (In Depth Gameplay Overview)! Transformers: War for Cybertron: Video Game Review - Chris Lockey (9/10) S02E42 Chris Lockey takes a look at High Moon Studio's spectacular new title Transformers: War for Cybertron. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Follow Machinima on Twitter! Machinima twitter.com Inside Gaming twitter.com Machinima Respawn twitter.com Machinima Entertainment, Technology, Culture twitter.com FOR MORE MACHINIMA, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE SPORTS GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE TRAILERS, GO TO: www.youtube.com TAGS: Video Game Review VGR Chris Lockey yt:quality=high Transformers War for Cybertron of cibertron 027242252349 High Moon Studios robot transforming vehicles autobots deceptions beastwars robots in disguise

Transformers: War for Cybertron: Video Game Review - Chris Lockey (9/10) S02E42

Transformers: War for Cybertron: Video Game Review - Chris Lockey (9/10) S02E42

Transformers: War for Cybertron: Video Game Review - Chris Lockey (9/10) S02E42

Transformers: War for Cybertron: Video Game Review - Chris Lockey (9/10) S02E42

No URL Transformers: War for Cybertron: Video Game Review - Chris Lockey (9/10) S02E42




www.youtube.com Click here to watch Transformers: War for Cybertron - Hands On (In Depth Gameplay Overview)! Transformers: War for Cybertron: Video Game Review - Chris Lockey (9/10) S02E42 Chris Lockey takes a look at High Moon Studio's spectacular new title Transformers: War for Cybertron. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Follow Machinima on Twitter! Machinima twitter.com Inside Gaming twitter.com Machinima Respawn twitter.com Machinima Entertainment, Technology, Culture twitter.com FOR MORE MACHINIMA, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE SPORTS GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE TRAILERS, GO TO: www.youtube.com TAGS: Video Game Review VGR Chris Lockey yt:quality=high Transformers War for Cybertron of cibertron 027242252349 High Moon Studios robot transforming vehicles autobots deceptions beastwars robots in disguise

Keywords:



Transformers

10 Famous Celebrities Wearing Green Contact Lenses!

10 Famous Celebrities Wearing Green Contact Lenses!
10 Famous Celebrities Wearing Green Contact Lenses!

Transformers


Please read the description. Be sure to like, comment and fave. *** Facebook: facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Formspring: formspring.me *** Transformers: Fall of Cybertron Chapter 10: The Final Countdown Pt. 2 Here's the 2nd part. Looks like we're closer to reaching Trypticon and boy, the Autobots really love getting blasted. *** Recorded using Hauppauge HD PVR Edited using ArcSoft ShowBiz and Sony Vegas 10

Keywords:



Transformers

Choosing Right Transformer For Mining Industry

Choosing Right Transformer For Mining Industry
Choosing Right Transformer For Mining Industry

Transformers


Please read the description. Be sure to like, comment and fave. *** Facebook: facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Formspring: formspring.me *** Transformers: Fall of Cybertron Chapter 5: Cut and Run Pt. 1 Now we begin the fifth chapter and we play as everyone's favorite Autobot that can pack a sweet ride... Jazz. Groovy! *** Recorded using Hauppauge HD PVR Edited using ArcSoft ShowBiz and Sony Vegas 10

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Transformers

10 Famous Celebrities Wearing Green Contact Lenses!

10 Famous Celebrities Wearing Green Contact Lenses!
10 Famous Celebrities Wearing Green Contact Lenses!

Transformers


Here Is The Link To Part 4: www.youtube.com Also it would be grate if you liked and subscribed to my channel! Hello and welcome to my playthrough of transformers fall of Cybertron Part 3 with Live Commentary. I hope you enjoy the video. Subscribe To My Channel: full.sc Come and follow me on Twitter for News, Updates and More: twitter.com Fall of Cybertron starts the game off 6 days after the events of leaving Cybertron towards a portal where the Autobots can escape Cybertron from the Decepticons. The first level consists of Bumblebee going on side missions to protect the Ark and Optimus Prime. The game then returns to the past 6 days before the Ark battles the Nemesis. Developers: High Moon Studios Publisher: Activision Also Watch in HD for the best viewing experience. Remember To Comment Thumbs Up And Subscription Is Very Appreciated

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Transformers

Grounding Transformers - Electrical Design, Transformer Design, and Distribution Transformer Design

Grounding Transformers - Electrical Design, Transformer Design, and Distribution Transformer Design
Grounding Transformers - Electrical Design, Transformer Design, and Distribution Transformer Design

Transformers

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